Paleoenvironments of the evolving Pliocene to early Pleistocene foreland basin in northwestern Taiwan: An example from the Dahan River section          下载免费PDF全文

Tsun‐You Pan  Andrew Tien‐Shun Lin  Wen‐Rong Chi 《Island Arc》2015,24(3):317-341

The overriding of the Luzon volcanic arc atop the underlying Chinese rifted‐continental margin has caused the formation of the Taiwan mountain belts and a peripheral foreland basin west of the orogen since the late Miocene. In this study, lithofacies analysis and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations of the Dahan River section in northwestern (NW) Taiwan were performed. Our results offer insights into the temporal evolution of the sedimentary environments and the competing effects of the sedimentation and basin tectonics of the NW Taiwan foreland basin from the Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Nannofossil biostratigraphic studies showed that the upper Kueichulin Formation and the overlying Chinshui Shale can be assigned to the NN15 biozone of the Pliocene age, and the Cholan Formation pertains to NN16–NN18 of the early Pleistocene. The NN15–NN16 boundary coincides roughly with the boundary of the Chinshui Shale and Cholan Formation. We recognized three major sedimentary environments in the studied foreland succession comprising the upper Kueichulin Formation, Chinshui Shale, Cholan Formation and Yangmei Formation, in ascending order. During the deposition of the upper Kueichulin Formation in the early Pliocene, the dominant environment was a wave‐ and tide‐influenced open marine setting. During the late Pliocene, the environment deepened to an outer‐offshore setting when the sediments of Chinshui Shale were accumulated. In the Pleistocene, the environment then shallowed to wave‐dominated estuaries during the deposition of the lower Cholan Formation, and the basin was rapidly filled, generating a meandering and sandy braided river environment during the deposition of the upper Cholan to the Yangmei Formation. In summary, the evolution of sedimentary environments in the studied succession shows a deepening then a shallowing and coarsening upward trend during the period from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, spanning the age from approximately 4 to 1 Ma.  相似文献   

松辽北部三肇地区泉四段高分辨率层序学研究     

胡明毅  孙春燕  薛丹  张洪军 《现代地质》2015,29(4):765-776

三肇凹陷扶余油层是松辽北部重点的油气勘探领域之一,主要为一套河流-浅水三角洲沉积,由于河道砂体单层厚度薄、侧向变化快,因此急需对该区开展精细的沉积微相研究,以指导后期地层-岩性油气藏勘探。以肇35区块为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,结合岩心、录井、测井资料,识别层序界面特征,建立层序地层格架,并以短期基准面旋回为制图单元,编制高分辨率层序地层格架内的沉积微相展布图,阐明了其演化规律并建立沉积模式。研究表明：泉四段整体为一长期上升半旋回,内部分出7个短期基准面旋回(SSC1-SSC7),主要发育三角洲平原、前缘2种亚相,进一步分为(水下)分流河道、(水下)决口扇、天然堤等多种微相。7个短期旋回中,SSC1至SSC2基准面缓慢上升,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC3至SSC4基准面迅速上升,发育对称旋回和上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC5至SSC7基准面上升至最高,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回。沉积相展布受基准面升降变化控制明显,泉四段自下而上经历了三角洲平原-平原、前缘过渡-三角洲前缘,局部浅湖的演化过程,整体为一次水体由浅变深的湖侵过程。  相似文献   

南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系层序地层级次与砂质滩坝的沉积响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

陈彬滔  史忠生  马凤良  何巍巍  薛罗  马轮  贾义蓉 《古地理学报》2018,20(6):1013-1022

湖相滩坝砂体是陆相盆地广泛发育的一类油气储集层,已成为成熟油田岩性油气藏勘探的重要领域。基于层序界面识别与划分、古地貌恢复、物源体系、砂体展布以及成藏条件分析,论证了Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系Gayger-Galhak组的层序地层特征及其对滩坝沉积的控制。结果表明:(1)目的层段发育1个二级层序和SQ1、SQ2、SQ3等3个三级层序,SQ3又可进一步细分为6个准层序组(四级层序)。(2)不同级别的层序分别控制着滩坝沉积的发育位置、平面展布及岩性圈闭的成藏要素,表现为: 二级层序控制滩坝沉积的垂向发育位置,滩坝砂体主要发育于二级基准面下降期;三级层序控制滩坝沉积的发育规模和沉积模式,三级基准面下降半旋回与上升半旋回转换位置发育的潜山隆起周缘型坝砂面积(约10km²)和厚度(10~20m)较大、孔隙度高(20%~25%),而发育于三级基准面上升期的水下潜山台地型坝砂面积(1~4km²)和厚度(2~3m)较小、孔隙度相对较低(15%~20%);四级层序洪泛期沉积的泥岩作为局部盖层,不仅控制着滩坝储盖组合的分布,而且决定了滩坝成因岩性圈闭的有效性。  相似文献   

冀中饶阳凹陷西柳10断块古近系沙三段-沙二段层序地层及沉积演化          下载免费PDF全文

王旭旭  张廷山  张喜  孙文钊 《沉积与特提斯地质》2019,39(4):27-37

为了探讨饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡北东缘西柳10断块古近系沙河街组沙三段-沙二段(Es~3-Es~2)层序地层特征及其沉积特征,依据高分辨率层序地层学理论,结合岩心、测井等资料,对研究区沙三段-沙二段层序地层进行划分,对其沉积特征、相带展布及其演化规律进行研究。研究结果表明,沙河街组沙三段-沙二段可划分为4个III级旋回,11个IV级旋回,32个V级旋回。沉积物岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩为主,沉积环境主要为辫状河三角洲平原和三角洲前缘,划分出7种沉积微相。结合研究区区域构造演化及沉积背景,认为沙三段-沙二段沉积时期,主要经历湖退到湖进的演变过程。  相似文献   

高分辨率层序地层学在泌阳凹陷碱矿勘查中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈建立 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(4):626-634

文章根据泌阳凹陷钻井、地球物理测井、三维地震方面的资料分析,通过地震资料解译、层位综合标定、层位和断层精细解释、速度场建立、构造图制作,构建了泌阳凹陷高分辨率层序地层格架。将泌阳凹陷核一段至核三上段划分为3个长期、7个中期基准面旋回。含碱岩系主要分布于核桃园组中,与层序单元具有很好的对应关系,典型界面的地层切片和沉积体系识别显示,泌阳凹陷自核一段至廖庄组安棚次凹一直发育,到核三段逐渐萎缩;确定了核桃园组含碱岩系地层主要位于凹陷东南部深凹区的分布区域,可以指导钻井的部署。  相似文献   

冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层特征及沉积环境演化^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

苏建锋  范代读  冷伟  陈玲玲  印萍 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):541-556

长江水下三角洲层序地层学研究有助于全面了解长江三角洲地层特征和沉积环境演化模式。通过对长江水下三角洲下切河谷区YD0901和YD0903孔岩心的详细沉积物粒度、特征元素比值(Cl/Ti和Zr/Rb)、沉积相对比分析,恢复了冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层格架。研究区冰后期以来自下而上依次出现河流相、潮汐河流相、河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相的沉积相序。末次冰期海平面下降,古长江形成下切河谷,古河间地发育硬黏土层,构成五级Ⅰ型层序界面。之后海平面回升,分别于15 cal ka BP和8.0 cal ka BP形成最大海退和最大海侵界面,水下三角洲区域最大海侵发生时间略滞后于平原区,约为7.5 cal ka BP。据此3个层序界面将冰后期地层划分为低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。钻孔岩心记录揭示了14.8 cal ka BP海侵到达研究区;14.8~13 cal ka BP期间,受MWP-1A冰融水事件影响海平面快速上升,海岸线向陆推进速率可达71.9,km/ka;海退期间各钻孔沉积速率较低,直至2 cal ka BP开始,沉积速率明显增加。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界层序地层格架及含气砂体沉积演化特征^*   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

于兴河  王香增  王念喜  单新  周进松  韩小琴  李亚龙  杜永慧  赵晨帆 《古地理学报》2017,19(6):935-954

鄂尔多斯盆地长期存在“南油北气”的固有认识,晚古生代早期砂体不发育与分布规律不清的认识,长期制约了盆地东南部天然气勘探开发的步伐。因此,加强盆地东南部上古生界煤系含气地层地质方面的研究、尤其是层序地层与储集砂体成因研究,对进一步增储上产具有重要理论与实践意义。作者采用Vail经典层序地层理论与方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界进行层序地层研究: 首先对层序界面进行识别,以岩性、旋回和沉积特征变化作为识别依据,并提出二级层序界面上下岩性组合变化巨大、二级界面之上叠置的低位砂厚度巨大的观点,共将本溪组—石盒子组划分为3个二级层序,11个三级层序;其次根据层序内部砂体堆积、迁移样式对体系域进行了划分。通过大量钻井的层序单元追踪对比与岩心精细描述,重点分析层序格架内主要含气层段本溪组、山西组及盒8段储集砂体的空间叠置关系,结合不同时期基准面旋回变化及其形成机制对其进行探讨,认为优势含气层段储集层中本2段具有障壁迁移、毯式连通,山2段具有低位控砂、面线连通,山1段具有侧向迁移、接触式连通,盒8段具有迁摆叠置、多向连通的特点。  相似文献   

Reply to the Discussion by Rose of Phelps et al. (2014) ‘Oceanographic and eustatic control of carbonate platform evolution and sequence stratigraphy on the Cretaceous (Valanginian–Campanian) passive margin,northern Gulf of Mexico’, Sedimentology, 61, 461–496          下载免费PDF全文

Ryan M. Phelps  Charles Kerans  Robert G. Loucks 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):858-870

Discussion points raised by Rose ( 2016 ) concentrate on late Albian stratigraphic relationships between formations of the East Texas Basin and the San Marcos Arch of the Comanche Platform in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Criticisms of Phelps et al. (2014) regarding stratigraphic nomenclature, palaeogeography and regional lithostratigraphic correlations generally focus on interpretive aspects of the study or do not account for the full scope of published information. Revisions to the top Aptian–Albian Supersequence boundary by Rose are incompatible with the relative location of a subaerial unconformity, as well as deepening lithofacies trends and retrogradational stratigraphic patterns below the interpreted boundary. Rose's placement of the top Aptian–Albian Supersequence boundary precisely at the Albian–Cenomanian stage boundary also implies ca 1·4 Ma of diachroneity in second order sea‐level patterns between the northern Gulf of Mexico and other documented global sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

A log‐normal spectral analysis of inorganic grain‐size distributions from a Canadian boreal lake core: Towards refining depositional process proxy data from high latitude lakes          下载免费PDF全文

Paul R. Gammon  Lisa A. Neville  R. Timothy Patterson  Martine M. Savard  Graeme T. Swindles 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):609-630

Better methods for interpreting grain‐size spectra will enhance current understanding of past transport–depositional processes. A high‐resolution inorganic grain‐size dataset has been measured from a freeze core extracted from ‘Alberta Lake E’ a boreal fresh water lake 40 km east of the Athabasca Oil Sands in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada. The grain‐size spectra are remarkably consistent throughout the core, exhibiting a structure comprising six persistent grain‐size distributions below ca 250 μm, plus a rare medium‐sand distribution. Automated deconvolution of the grain‐size spectra produced poor results. Constraining the modes of two of the distributions produced deconvolution solutions that were statistically excellent and consistent with the structure of each spectrum. Statistical analysis of the ‘constrained’ solutions indicates that deconvolution successfully extracted independent grain‐size populations. Conversely, the multimodal spectra generate traditional measures (for example, mean grain size) that are inconsistent combinations of different individual populations and thus are poor proxies of transport–depositional processes. Alberta Lake E is situated in a boreal wetland landscape where sediment delivery is dominated by overland flow transport during spring melt. This context means that the Alberta Lake E grain‐size spectra can be interpreted to reflect: (i) a bedload component transported during short‐duration high discharge events that reflect the intensity of the melt; and (ii) a finer suspended load component representing material whose magnitude is controlled by the volume of the spring melt. Stratigraphically, bedload and suspended load populations demonstrate different short‐wavelength and long‐wavelength cyclicity, suggesting that spring melt is likely to be driven by cyclic external forcing factors. The links between the grain‐size spectra and spring melt have potential for generating proxy records that better capture the external controls over spring melt in boreal systems and the risks associated with these energetic hydrodynamics. This is exemplified by the coarsest Alberta Lake E distributions, which indicate that more intense spring‐melt dynamics occurred in pre‐historical times.  相似文献   

铀矿沉积学研究与发展     

吴柏林  孙斌  程相虎  张婉莹  刘明义  郝欣  刘池洋 《沉积学报》2017,35(5):1044-1053

随着铀矿床尤其是砂岩型铀矿勘探和开发的迅速发展,砂岩型铀矿沉积学的概念应运而生。铀矿沉积学是研究沉积盆地形成演化过程中铀的成矿作用、形成环境、含铀岩（层）系特征,以及沉积作用控制下铀的富集机理和分布规律的学科。它综合了铀矿地质学、盆地分析等学科的内容,具有较明显的学科交叉特点。砂岩型铀矿沉积学是铀矿沉积学最典型的代表,它以盆地分析、砂岩型铀矿地质学为重要理论平台,结合沉积学技术方法,具体研究砂岩型铀矿形成的物质来源、成岩作用与铀的预富集、沉积物的结构构造与渗透性、沉积体系与含铀岩系分析、流体作用与后期改造、层序地层与铀的空间分布、铀富集因素与沉积和古气候环境,沉积作用因素与砂岩型铀矿预测,以及管理信息化的三维可视化建模等。以新疆伊犁盆地、吐哈盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地北部等地区代表性砂岩铀矿为实例,从铀矿聚集与沉积物形成—演化过程、沉积物特征及沉积体系分析与铀矿聚集、层序地层学与铀聚集作用等方面分析了铀矿沉积学研究的最新进展和认识。同时对铀矿沉积学的发展趋势进行了展望:认为砂岩铀矿“大规模成矿作用”和铀的“超常富集”关键地质环境、含铀岩系沉积与铀的空间分布、多种高新分析测试技术的应用等方面将是铀矿沉积学未来研究和发展的重点。由于铀矿沉积学与人类生存环境关系的重要性,并且其涉及沉积学学科的方方面面,因此有理由相信,铀矿沉积学未来可能作为沉积学的一个独立分支学科将得到更好的研究和发展。  相似文献